Vol. 161, Issue 12, December 2013, pp. 472-481

Abstract: In this paper, a technique is presented which allows users of license free ISM bands to increase functionality of the wireless network while remaining within the maximum legally allowed transmit duty cycle requirements. We show through analytical modeling and empirical evaluation, that traditional MAC and routing techniques result in a significant increase in the overall TX duty cycle when sensor sample frequencies are increased. Specifically, we focus on the 868 MHz ISM band where the maximum allowed legal TX duty cycle must be < 1 %. Two novel techniques are presented that significantly reduce the TX duty cycle. The result of implementing these techniques is a reduction in power consumption and more importantly, an increase in network functionality while remaining within the legal requirements. We show that these techniques allow for sensor readings to be collected far more frequently in multi-hop, receiver duty cycled, wireless sensor networks. Results from a 50 node deployment are also presented to validate the model with empirical results.

Keywords: 868 MHz limitations, Duty Cycle, Low Power, WSN, Multi-Hop.

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