The first book volume covers the topics on digital phase measurements laser stabilization for Strontium optical clocks, and investigation of the Eigen Frequency of a cantilever beam. All chapters have the same structure: first, an introduction to specific topic under study second, particular field description including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each of chapter is ending by well selected list of references with books, journals, conference proceedings and web sites.

The second book volume from the ‘Advances in Artificial Intelligence’ Book Series contains four chapters written by 13 contributors from three countries: France, Iran and Slovenia. It covers many different timely topics related to artificial intelligence and its applications. All chapters have the same structure: first, an introduction to specific topic under study second, particular field description including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each of chapter is ending by well selected list of references with books, journals, conference proceedings and web sites.

The first book volume from the ‘Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Reviews’ Book Series contains 11 chapters written by 21 contributors from academia and industry from 10 countries: Algeria, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Tunisia and USA. This book covers many different timely topics related to artificial intelligence and its applications. All chapters have the same structure: first, an introduction to specific topic under study second, particular field description including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each of chapter is ending by well selected list of references with books, journals, conference proceedings and web sites.

(Book Series: Advances in Sensors: Reviews, Vol. 4). This open access book contains 24 chapters with sensor related state-of-the-art reviews and descriptions of latest achievements written by 81 authors from academia and industry from 20 countries: Australia, Austria, Brazil, Finland, France, Japan, India, Iraq, Italia, México, Morocco, Portugal, Senegal, Serbia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, UK, Ukraine and USA. Coverage includes current developments in physical sensors, chemical sensors, biosensors, nanosensors, sensing materials, wireless sensor networks and sensor application in measuring and control systems. This book ensures that our readers will stay at the cutting edge of the field and get the right and effective start point and road map for the further researches and developments. By this way, they will be able to save more time for productive research activity and eliminate routine work.

(Book Series: Advances in Sensors: Reviews, Vol. 5). The Vol. 5 of this Book Series contains 22 chapters written by 79 contributors-experts from universities, research centres and industry from 15 countries: Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine and USA, who did also publish their research results in sensors related, established journals including ‘Sensors & Transducers’ journal published by IFSA. This volume contains information at the cutting edge of sensor research and related topics from the following three areas: Physical Sensors, Sensor Networks and Remote Sensing. Coverage includes current developments in various sensors, sensor instrumentation and applications.

(Book Series: Advances in Sensors: Reviews, Vol. 6). This open access book contains 21 chapters written by 94 contributors-experts from universities and research centres, from 21 countries: Argentina, Austria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Thailand, UK and USA. This volume is devoted to various chemical sensors (sensors for various gases, nucleic acids, organic compounds, nanosensors, etc.) and biosensors. Like all volumes from this Book Series, the volume 6 has been also organized by topics of high interest. In order to offer a fast and easy reading of each topic, every chapter in this book is independent and self-contained.

(Book Series: Advances in Sensors: Reviews, Vol. 7). This open access book contains 12 chapters with sensor related state-of-the-art reviews and descriptions of latest achievements written by 34 authors-experts from academia and industry from 12 countries: Germany, Hong Kong, India, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Senegal, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine and USA. The coverage includes current developments in physical sensors (MEMS flow sensors, load sensors and gyroscopes) chemical sensors for humidity in gases and anti-cancer agents readout circuitry for various PWM output sensors and transducers and autoconfigurable wireless sensor networks.

The 8^th volume entitled ‘Sensors, Measurements and Networks’ contains twelve chapters with the descriptions of latest advances in sensor related area written by 33 authors fromacademia and industry from 11 countries: Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Germany, M'exico, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, and the USA. The book coverage includes current developments in physical sensors, chemical sensors, measurements and sensor networks.

'Advances in Measurements and Instrumentstion: Reviews', Vol. 1 Book Series is covering some aspects related to metrology, sensors, measuring systems and sensor instrumentation as well as related modeling and mathematical tools for measurements in quality control and other applications. The book volume contains seven chapters written by nine contributors from academia and industry from 6 countries: Algeria, Canada, China, Germany, Slovak Republic and United Kingdom. The book will be a valuable tool for those who involved in research and development of various measuring instruments and systems.

'Advances in Measurements and Instrumentation: Reviews', Vol. 2 Book Series contains 9 chapters written by 21 authors from 7 countries: Brazil, China, France, India, Mexico, Russia and Spain. But it is not a set of reviews. As usually, each chapter contains the extended state-of-the-art followed by new, unpublished before, obtained results. This volume is covering some aspects related to metrology, measurements of physical and chemical quantities, calibration, sensor instrumentation and networks.

Every research and development in biosensors (as well as in any other research fields) is started from a state-of-the-art review. Such review is one of the most labor- and time consuming parts of research. This open access book is intended to help researchers to find appropriate references, to read it and make a critical analysis to determine what was done well before and what was not solved till now and formulate the future scientific aims and objectives. The first volume of ‘Advances in Biosensors: Reviews’, Book Series contains six chapters written by 14 authors from 9 countries: Australia, Bulgaria, China, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, Turkey and USA.

The global biosensors industry is approaching towards multi-billion market. The modern biosensors market growth is driven by the continuous technological advancements in the biosensors ecosystem, increase in the use of biosensors for nonmedical applications, lucrative growth in point-of-care diagnostics, and rise in the demand for glucose monitoring systems. Increasing applications in diagnosis of various diseases and development of nanoparticle based electrochemical biosensors significantly stimulates growth of biosensors industry. The second volume of ‘Advances in Biosensors: Reviews’, Book Series contains six chapters written by 24 authors from 7 countries: Brazil, China, Denmark, Japan, South Africa, Sweden and Ukraine.

The 3rd volume of ‘Advances in Biosensors: Reviews' Book Series contains 9 chapters written by 27 authors from 9 countries: France, India, Italy, Malaysia, Turkey and USA. But is is not the set of reviews. As usually, it is extended state-of-the arts followed by novel, unpublished before, results. Like the first two volumes of this Book Series, the 3rd volume also has been organized by topics of high interest. In order to offer a fast and easy reading of the state of the art of each topic, every chapter in this book is independent and self-contained. All chapters have the same structure: first an introduction to specific topic under study second particular field description including sensing applications. Each of chapter is ending by well selected list of references with books, journals, conference proceedings and web sites.

The ‘Cyber-Physical Systems and Metrology 4.0’ is written by 30 authors whose scientific achievements for the last five years cover a significant information technology and measurement science segments. The purpose of this book is to present and consider the main trends in the field of metrology of Cyber-Physical Systems, which are becoming a key element of everyday life. At the first, the book is intended for engineers, lecturers, students, persons who are not acquainted enough with the specificity of Cyber-Physical Systems and their Metrology but are interested in it. The authors have highlighted the emergence and development of these systems, combined with the study of their metrology maintenance.

The principles of signal processing are using widely in telecommunications, control systems, sensors, smartphones, tablets, TV, video- and photo-cameras, computers, audio systems, etc. Taking into account the growing tendency of analog and digital signal processing applications, it was decided by IFSA Publishing to start a new multivolume Open Access Book Series on ‘Advances in Signal Processing: Reviews’ in 2018. Written by 43 experienced and well-respected experts from universities, research centres and industry from 14 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Ecuador, France, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine and USA the ‘Advances is Signal Processing: Reviews’, Vol. 1, Book Series, contains 13 chapters from the signals and systems theory to real-world applications.

This volume contains 12 chapters written by 36 authors from 12 countries: Argentina, Belarus, China, France, Germany, India, Iran, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Sweden and UAE. But it is not a simple set of reviews. Each of chapter contains the extended state-of-the art followed by new, obtained by authors results, unpublished before. In order to offer a fast and easy reading of each topic, every chapter in ‘Advances in Signal Processing Reviews’ Vol. 2 is independent and self-contained. All chapters have the same structure: first, an introduction to specific topic under study second, particular field description including sensing or/and measuring applications. The book will be useful for post-graduate students, researchers, engineers and scientist working signal processing area.

Book Series. Industrial robots offer many benefits, including cost reduction, increased rate of operation and improving quality, along with improved manufacturing efficiency and flexibility. The demand for industrial robotics is majorly observed in industries such as automotive, electrical & electronics, chemical, rubber & plastics, machinery, metals, food & beverages, precision & optics, and others. In its turn, industrial automation control market will witness considerable growth during the same period with the growing demand of products such as sensors, drives and various robots.The first volume of this Book Series started by IFSA Publishing in 2018 contains 10 chapters written by 32 contributors from 9 countries: Belgium, China, Germany, India, Ireland, Japan, Serbia, Tunisia and USA.

The 2^nd volume of ‘Advances in Robotics and Automatic Control: Reviews‘ Book Series contains 5 chapters written by 12 authors from 5 countries: Australia, Egypt, Mexico, Russia and Spain. But it is not a set of reviews. As usually, each chapter contains the extended state-of-the-art followed by new, unpublished before, obtained results. This book ensures that our readers will stay at the cutting edge of the field and get the right and effective start point and road map for the further researches and developments. With this unique combination of information in each volume, the ‘Advances in Robotics and Automatic Control: Reviews‘ book Series will be a valuable tool for those who are involved in research and development of different industrial robots, automation and robotic systems.

This book covers a broad spectrum of topics, including advanced control algorithms, industrial autonomous vehicles, human-robot collaboration, sensor integration, AI applications in robotics, and emerging trends in automation. Each chapter offers deep insights into both theoretical advancements and practical applications, underscoring the symbiotic relationship between academic research and industrial implementation. A notable highlight of this volume is the emphasis on real-world applications and case studies. The detailed case studies not only showcase the practical utility of theoretical models but also inspire further exploration and experimentation. We hope that the book will be a vital resource for researchers, students, and professionals engaged in the field of robotics and automatic control.

Book Series. The 1^st volume of this open access book contains 19 chapters written by 72 authors from academia and industry from 16 countries: Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Iran, Italia, Japan, Malaysia, Norway, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Spain, United Arab Emirates, UK, and USA. This book ensures that our readers will stay at the cutting edge of the field and get the right and effective start point and road map for the further researches and developments. By this way, they will be able to save more time for productive research activity and eliminate routine work.

The 2^nd volume of 'Advances in Microelectronics: Reviews' Book Series is written by 57 contrubutors from academy and industry from 11 countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic, Spain, Ukraine and USA). The book contains 13 chapters from different areas of microelectronics: MEMS, materials characterization, and various microelectronic devices. With unique combination of information in each volume, the 'Advances in Microelectronics: Reviews' Book Series will be of value for scientists and engineers in industry and at universities. In order to offer a fast and easy reading of the state of the art of each topic, every chapter in this book is independent and self-contained.

The 3^rd volume continues the popular open access Book Series on ‘Advances in Microelectronics: Reviews’. But as usually, it is not a simple set of reviews. Each chapter contains the extended state-of-the-art followed by new, unpublished before, obtained research results. The 1st and 2nd volumes from this Book Series have been published in 2017 and 2019 years accordingly. Written by 40 contributors from academy and industry from 9 countries (Austria, China, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Slovak Republic, Spain, Thailand and Ukraine) the book contains 10 chapters from different areas of microelectronics: MEMS, semiconductors and various microelectronic devices.

The Human Eye: an Intelligent Optical Sensor (The Inverted Retina: a Diffractive-optical Correlator) - open access book shows that the human eye from the prenatal structuring of the inverted retina hardware on up to the design of the central cortical visual pathway is not only different from but also radically more intelligent than a camera. Many paradoxa in color vision (RGB peak positioning in the visible spectrum, overlapping of the RGB channels, relating local color to the whole scene, paradoxically colored shadows, Purkinje phenomenon etc.) are becoming intelligent solutions. With its hexagonal and polar microstructure, the retinal net, linked to the body’s coordinate system by hemisphere and quadrant dissection of the visible in the central visual pathway, also contributes to object classification and identification: WHAT something visible is more generally (a ‘bird’ or a ‘car’) or more specifically (a ‘robin’ or a ‘Ferrari’). The inverted retina with its three-layer processing represents the ‘missing link’ between imaging optics and the cortical multilayer information processing. Practical applications are the search for a retinal implant of the next generation and a helpful strategy against myopia in early childhood. A fascinating book for all those wondering that the brightness of a scene is not cut in half and that the visible world doesn’t collapse into a flat 2D-image when closing one eye. Of great interest for students, scientists and engineers in eye-, vision- and brain-research, neuroscience, psychophysics, ophthalmology, psychology, optical sensor and diffractive optical engineering.

Book Series. The Vol. 1 of this open access book is devoted to various topics of optics and optic instrumentation, and contains 17 chapters written by 36 experts in the field from 15 countries: Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Turkey, Slovenia, South Korea, UK, Ukraine and USA. is a comprehensive study of the field of optics, which provides readers with the most up-to-date coverage of optics, photonics and lasers with a good balance of practical and theoretical aspects. Directed towards both physicists and engineers this Book Series is also suitable for audiences focusing on applications of optics. A clear comprehensive presentation makes these books work well as both a teaching resources and a reference books. The book is intended for researchers and scientists in physics and optics, in academia and industry, as well as postgraduate students.

Book Series. The Vol..2 of this open access book is devoted to lasers and photonics, and contains 15 chapters written by 40 authors from 15 countries: Algeria, Australia, Canada, China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Mexico, Poland, Qatar, Spain, Turkey and USA. The second of three volumes of this Book Series has organized by topics of high interest. In order to offer a fast and easy reading of each topic, every chapter in this book is independent and self-contained. All chapters have the same structure: first an introduction to specific topic under study second particular field description including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each of chapter is ending by complete list of carefully selected references with books, journals, conference proceedings and web sites.

Book Series. The third of this open access Book Series has organized by topics of high interest. In order to offer a fast and easy reading of each topic, every chapter in this book is independent and self-contained. All chapters have the same structure: first an introduction to specific topic under study second particular field description including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each of chapter is ending by complete list of carefully selected references with books, journals, conference proceedings and web sites. The Vol. 3 is devoted to various topics of applied optics and contains 17 chapters written by 49 experts in the field from 14 countries: Australia, China, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, The Netherlands, Poland, Taiwan, UK, USA and Vietnam.

Book Series. The fourth volume of this popular Book Series is devoted to optics, lasers and optical sensors, and written by 29 authors from academia and industry from 10 countries: Brazil, China, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Russia, Serbia, USA and Vietnam. Like the first three volumes of this Book Series, the fourth volume also has been organized by topics of high interest to offer a fast and easy reading of each topic, every chapter in this book is independent and self-contained.

The fifth volume of this popular Book Series is devoted to optics, lasers communication and networks. It contains 16 chapters written by 53 authors from academia and industry from 12 countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, China, France, Italy, Iraq, Japan, Russia, Spain, Turkey, USA and Vietnam. But it is not a simple set of reviews. As usually, each chapter contains the extended state-of-the-art followed by new, unpublished before, obtained by the authors results.

The sixth volume of this popular Book Series is devoted to optical materials, sensors and laser applications written by 21 authors from academia and research centers from 4 countries: Canada, Georgia, Iran and Poland. Each chapter contains the extended state-of-the-art followed by new, unpublished before, obtained by the authors results.

Book Series. The first volume of this open access Book Series is covering some design and architectural aspects related to intelligent systems and software. It ranges from the microarchitecture level via the system software level up to the application-specific architecture level. The book volume contains ten chapters written by 25 contributors from academia and industry from 8 countries: Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Romania and USA. This book will be a valuable tool for those who involved in research and development of various intelligent systems.

Book Series. After successful publication of ‘Advances in Intelligent Systems: Reviews’ Vol. 1, Open Access Book Series in 2017 and very positive feedback from our authors and readers, we have decided to publish the second volume of this Book Series in 2021. The 2^nd volume contains 6 chapters written by 16 authors from 7 countries: China, France, Italy, Morocco, Romania, Spain and United Arab Emirates. But it is not a simple set of reviews. As usually, each chapter contains the extended state-of-the-art followed by new, unpublished before, obtained results.

Book Series. The 1^st volume of new open access Book Series contains 15 chapters submitted by 42 contributors from academia and industry from 13 countries: Brazil, Bulgatia, Burkina Faso, China, Czech Republic, France, India, Iran, Japan, Mauritius, Senegal, UK, and USA. The book is devided into three main parts: Networks (four chapters), Security (four chapters) and Communication (seven chapters). ‘Advances in Networks, Security and Communications: Reviews’ provides focused coverage of these three main technologies. It explores practical solutions to a wide range of network, communication and security issues.

The 'Advances in Networks, Security and Communications: Reviews' open access Book Series brings together the most important breakthroughs in each of these fields and presents them in a coherent fashion. Written by 31 contributors from academy and industry from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Germany, India, Iran, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, UK and USA) the book contains 14 chapters divided into three main parts: Networks (6 chapters), Communications (7 chapters) and Security (1 chapter).

The 'Advances in Networks, Security and Communications' open access Book Series brings together the most important breakthroughs in each of these fields and presents them in a coherent fashion. Written by 7 contributors from 3 countries (Austria, Senegal and India) the book contains 5 chapters divided into three main parts: Networks, Communications and Security. But it is not a simple set of reviews. Each of the chapters contains the extended state-of-the art followed by new, obtained by the authors results, unpublished before.

The first volume of ‘Advances in Computers and Software Engineering: Reviews’, Book Series contains 6 chapters written by 21 authors from 7 countries: Brazil, Canada, Palestine, Slovakia, Spain, Taiwan and USA, and covers some topics on computers, software and DAQ sytems.​

The 2^nd volume of ‘Advances in Computers and Software Engineering: Reviews’ Book Series contains five chapters written by 10 authors from 4 countries: Canada, China, Italy and UK. This book ensures that our readers will stay at the cutting edge of the field and get the right and effective start point and road map for the further researches and developments. By this way, they will be able to save more time for productive research activity and eliminate routine work. With this unique combination of information in each volume, the ‘Advances in Computers and Software Engineering: Reviews’ will be of value for scientists and engineers in appropriate industry and at universities. Like the first volume of this book Series, the 2^nd volume also has been organized by topics of high interest. In order to offer a fast and easy reading of the state of the art of each topic, every chapter in this book is independent and self-contained. All chapters have the same structure: first an introduction to specific topic under study second particular field description including sensing applications. Each of chapter is ending by well selected list of references with books, journals, conference proceedings and web sites.