Abstract: With emerging advancements on Quantum computing and active research on effectiveness of classical cryptographic algorithms, it is imperative that the coming era of Quantum computation is going to have heavy effect on all technologies which requires some form of communication primarily due to the security of encrypted data. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently standardized Crystal-Dilithium for Digital Signature on the 3rd round of NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) open competition. There are other algorithms taken to the 4th round for further evaluation. Recently on August 24th, 2024, NIST announced Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) for all federal services which includes several PQC cryptosystems, including Crystal-Dilithium, SPHINCH+ for Digital Signature and Crystal-Kyber for Key Encapsulation Mechanism. In the same vein, much speculation and experiments have been done of PQC adoption in existing systems which rely heavily on classical cryptographic algorithms. Hence, in this paper we would like to present the possible adoption framework (both hybrid and fresh) of PQC cryptosystem in existing as well as new distributed and communication technology that may emerge.

Keywords: Post-quantum cryptography, PQC, Distributed systems, Industry 4.0.

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